Categoria: Artigos científicos

Early life feeding can affect children’s development and survival. Adherence to breastfeeding practices and regular monitoring is essential. This study aims to conduct an integrative review of longitudinal studies on the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 30 days of life. Articles were retrieved from the PubMed and LILACS databases. The combination of descriptors used was: “prospective study” and “breast feeding.” The search was limited to articles published between 2015 and 2020 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. We selected 17 original studies. Despite their methodological differences regarding sample size and type, follow-up period, and EBF definition and measurement method, results indicated a high rate of breastfeeding initiation (≥86%) and a wide variation in the occurrence of EBF at 30 days of life (4.5% – 86%) with substantial decline (<60%) in 63% of the investigated areas. These results are far from complying with the recommendation from the World Health Organization of maintaining EBF up to the sixth month of a child’s life and point to the need for further investigations with a standardized methodology to allow for comparisons within and between countries, aiming at planning actions which support breastfeeding. Read the article.

This study aimed to evaluate the bidirectional association between the kidney dysfunction and the brain health, including structural and functional abnormalities. Systematic review and meta-analysis with network meta-analysis for outcomes with different estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ranges. Longitudinal studies that provided evidence of the impact of kidney function estimated from eGFR and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) on structural and functional brain abnormalities, and those that provided evidence of the opposite relationship. Studies with study population mean age under 18 years old were excluded. Two independent reviewers screened the included studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis for outcomes with compatible data. We assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale criteria (NOS). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity in the meta-analyses. Inconsistency analyses using the node-splitting method were performed to confirm the results of network meta-analysis. A total of 53 studies with 3037,357 participants were included in the current systematic review. Among these, 16 provided evidence of structural brain abnormalities, and 38 provided evidence of cognitive impairment and dementia. Analysis of evidence of categorical kidney function showed a positive association between kidney dysfunction and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) (relative risk (RR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40–2.24, I² = 0.0%), but such results were not found in the analyses of evidence where the kidney function was measured as a continuous variable. Meanwhile, analysis of 28 prior longitudinal studies with 194 compatible sets of data showed that the worse kidney function as categorical variables was related to a greater risk of global brain cognitive disorder (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.20–1.36, I² = 82.5%). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found a positive association between CKD and functional brain disorders. However, the relationship between the kidney dysfunction and structural abnormalities in the brain remains controversial. As for the opposite relationship, structural brain abnormalities, especially cerebral microbleeds and silent infarction, but not functional brain abnormalities, are associated with worse renal function. In addition, a higher UACR, but not a lower eGFR, was associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Read the article.

Reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) plays an essential role in the cognitive impairment and dementia in obesity. However, current conclusions regarding CBF changes in patients with obesity are inconsistent. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and CBF alterations. We systematically screened published cross-sectional and longitudinal studies focusing on the differences in CBF between obese and normal-weight individuals. Eighteen studies including 24,866 participants, of which seven articles reported longitudinal results, were evaluated in the present study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that in cross-sectional studies, body mass index (BMI) was negatively associated with CBF (β= –0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.44, –0.19). Moreover, this systematic review demonstrated that obese individuals showed global and regional reductions in the CBF and increased CBF in diverse functional areas of the frontal lobe, including the prefrontal cortex, left frontal superior orbital, right frontal mid-orbital cortex, and left premotor superior frontal gyrus. Our findings suggest that BMI, rather than waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, is inversely associated with CBF in cross-sectional studies. The CBF of obese individuals showed global and regional reductions, including the frontal lobe, temporal and parietal lobes, cerebellum, hippocampus, and thalamus. Read the article.

Relatively few Amazonian infants have clinical malaria diagnosed, treated and notified before their first birthday, either because they are little exposed to an infection or remain asymptomatic once infected. Here we measure the proportion of children who have experienced Plasmodium vivax infection and malaria by 2 years of age in the main transmission hotspot of Amazonian Brazil. We measured IgG antibodies to 3 blood-stage P. vivax antigens at the 1- and 2-year follow-up assessment of 435 participants in a population-based birth cohort. Children’s malaria case notifications were retrieved from the electronic database of the Ministry of Health. We used multiple Poisson regression models to identify predictors of serologically proven P. vivax infection and clinical vivax malaria during the first 2 years of life. Overall, 23 [5.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.5–7.8%) children had antibodies to ≥2 antigens detected during at least one follow-up assessment, consistent with past P. vivax infection(s). Fifteen (3.4%; 95% CI: 2.1–5.6%) children had clinical vivax episodes notified during the first 2 years of life; 7 of them were seronegative. We estimate that half of the infections remained unnotified. Children born to women who experienced P. vivax infection during pregnancy were more likely to be infected and develop clinical vivax malaria, while those breast-fed for ≥12 months had their risk of being P. vivax-seropositive (which we take as evidence of blood-stage P. vivax infection during the first 2 years of life) decreased by 79.8% (95% CI: 69.3–86.7%). P. vivax infections in early childhood are underreported in the Amazon, are associated with anemia at 2 years of age, and appear to be partially prevented by prolonged breastfeeding. Read the article.

Este artigo objetiva descrever e discutir as maneiras como a maternidade é praticada e representada nas práticas culinárias domésticas das mulheres na Amazônia ocidental brasileira. Desenvolvemos um estudo qualitativo descritivo, conduzimos entrevistas em profundidade com 16 mulheres que eram mães e que cozinhavam em domicílio. Os dados foram analisados identificando as unidades de significância regulares, expressivas e significativas coletadas por meio das entrevistas. Essas mulheres, quando não tinham filhos, realizavam práticas culinárias atendendo suas demandas pessoais e horários do trabalho extradomiciliar. A partir da gestação, porém mais marcadamente após o parto, as mulheres modificam suas práticas culinárias se apropriando das ideias hegemônicas pré-construídas do que é ser uma mãe, desenvolvendo atividades culinárias mais rotineiras, não discricionárias, focadas no cuidado dos membros da família e com maior investimento de tempo e esforço. Estas mudanças reforçam a concepção de que a relação mãe e criança deve estar orientada para uma maternidade intensiva. Leia o artigo.

This article describes and discusses the sociocultural process of learning and teaching women’s domestic culinary skills. Drawing on descriptive qualitative research, we conducted an in-depth analysis of semi-structured interviews with 16 cisgender women who cooked at home at least once a day and lived in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre state, Brazilian Western Amazon. Our results suggest that women develop their domestic cooking skills at different moments. In childhood, the women interviewed were taught by their maternal figures and learned the required culinary skills to prepare “Rainforest Foods,” traditional foods in their original places. In adulthood, female employers taught them the culinary skills needed to prepare “City food,” meals made with ingredients, tools, and cooking methods available in the urban area. Notably, the women interviewed also reported being taught by their husbands to cook foods that met their tastes and eating patterns. In contrast, women teach their sons and daughters culinary skills to develop their food autonomy and promote the egalitarian division of domestic culinary work. These findings are essential to understand the sociocultural process of learning and teaching domestic culinary skills among communities or membership groups who lived in forest or rural areas and migrated to urban centers. Read the article.

To investigate the occurrence and factors associated with common mental disorders in pregnancy and depressive symptoms in postpartum, as well as the association between both in the Brazilian Western Amazon. This is a prospective cohort in the MINA-Brazil study with women who received primary health care in the town of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre State. We performed two clinical evaluations during pregnancy (the first: 16–20 weeks; the second: 28 gestational weeks) and three postpartum evaluations (at 3, 6 and 12 months), in which demographic and socioeconomic, gestational, lifestyle and clinical data were collected. We used the Self-Reported Questionnaire (score ≥ 8) to screen the gestational common mental disorder and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (score ≥ 10) to identify postpartum depressive symptoms. We used adjusted ordinal logistic regression to investigate the relationship between the covariates and the occurrence of common mental disorders in pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptomatology. A total of 461 women completed the two clinical evaluations in pregnancy; of these, 247 completed the three postpartum evaluations. The occurrence of common mental disorder during pregnancy was 36.2% and 24.5% in the first and second evaluations, respectively, and the cumulative incidence was 9.2%. In addition, 50.3% maintained the disorder between evaluations. During postpartum, approximately 20% of the mothers presented depressive symptoms during the first year of their children’s lives. Parity (≥ 2) was associated with common mental disorders, while low maternal education was associated with postpartum depressive symptoms. Women with a common mental disorder in both evaluations during pregnancy were 5.6 times more likely (95%CI: 2.50–12.60) to develop postpartum depressive symptoms. The occurrence of common mental disorder at any time assessed during pregnancy, but especially its persistence from the second trimester, was strongly associated with depressive symptoms after childbirth. These findings highlight the need for early screening and monitoring of the mental health of pregnant women at the start of prenatal care in order to reduce possible negative impacts on the health of the mother-child binomial caused by such events. Read the article.

Identificar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o papel da enfermagem na assistência as gestantes com síndromes hipertensivas na gestação. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa baseada na estratégia PICO, realizada com 13 artigos indexados nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, BDENF, MEDLINE. Os critérios de inclusão consideraram artigos disponíveis na íntegra e publicados entre 2009 a junho de 2021. Para análise, os estudos foram divididos em 3 categorias: 1. O conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre as síndromes hipertensivas na gestação; 2. Os cuidados de enfermagem à gestante com síndromes hipertensivas na gestação e seus neonatos; 3. A sistematização da assistência em enfermagem no cuidado as síndromes hipertensivas na gestação. Os estudos analisados demonstram as interfaces e desafios da enfermagem no cuidado às gestantes com síndromes hipertensivas na gestação, apontando o papel primordial da enfermagem na atenção à saúde da gestante. Leia o artigo.

To investigate the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and perinatal outcomes in pregnant Amazonian women. Data from 1305 mother–child pairs from the MINA-Brazil population-based birth cohort study were used. GWG was classified according to two methods, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines and INTERGROWTH-21st standards. Poisson and linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate associations with perinatal outcomes. Following IOM guidelines (n = 1305), the rates of insufficient and excessive GWG were found to be similar (32%). Excessive GWG was associated with higher new-born birthweight (BW) z-scores; increased risks of macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA), and caesarean delivery; and lower risks of low birthweight (LBW) and being small for gestational age (SGA). Insufficient GWG was associated with lower new-born BW z-scores. Among women with normal pre-pregnancy body mass indices (BMIs, n = 658), inappropriate GWG was high following both methods (IOM: 41.2% insufficient, 24.8% excessive; INTERGROWTH-21st: 25.2% below − 1 z-score, 16.9% above 1 z-score). Both methods also indicated that new-borns of women with excessive GWG had higher BW z-scores and increased risk of macrosomia and LGA. Women with GWG below the INTERGROWTH-21st standards were more likely to deliver an infant SGA and with lower BW z-scores. Inappropriate GWG remains a health concern irrespective of the method used to classify weight gain. GWG above the recommendations of both methods and below the INTERGROWTH-21st standard was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Therefore, INTERGROWTH-21st standards seem to be a better fit for healthy women in this population. Read the article.

This study conducts a systematic literature review and meta-analysis regarding the potential influence of serum uric acid levels on cerebral small vessel diseases and the cognitive status in the prodromal stages of dementia. We identified four different cerebral small vessel diseases and three specific domains of cognitive performance to be considered in the literature search. The analysis contained 14 studies (13 cross-sectional design and one longitudinal design) with 11,502 participants measuring the relationship between uric acid and cerebral small vessel disease. In both continuous and categorical analyses, significant associations were found between hyperuricemia and cerebral small vessel diseases (continuous data: pooled OR: 1.00, 95%CI: 1.00–1.01 and categorical data: pooled OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.15–1.75). For the relationship between uric acid and cognitive performance, 19 studies with 49,901 participants were considered, including eight cohort studies, and 11 cross-sectional studies. The cross-sectional data showed that a marginal relationship existed between uric acid and global cognition (β: 0.00, 95%CI: -0.01–0.00). The pooled analysis of cohort studies indicated that higher uric acid had a deleterious effect on attention and executive function (continuous data: β: -0.02, 95%CI: -0.04–0.00 and categorical data: β: -0.03, 95%CI: -0.07–0.00). Conclusion: Our study indicated that a higher level of uric acid had an adverse effect on brain health. Furthermore, a high level of uric acid is related to cognitive decline in attention and executive function, which may exist a long time before the diagnosis of dementia. Read the article.